Soak the Black Beans: Rinse the dried black beans and soak them in water overnight. Drain and set aside.
Sauté Aromatics: In a large pot, heat olive oil over medium heat. Add chopped onions, carrots, celery, and red bell pepper. Sauté until the vegetables are softened.
Add Garlic and Spices: Stir in minced garlic, cumin, chili powder, paprika, and bay leaf. Sauté for an additional 1-2 minutes until fragrant.
Simmer the Beans: Add the soaked black beans to the pot and pour in the vegetable broth. Bring the mixture to a boil, then reduce the heat to low and let it simmer for about 1.5 to 2 hours or until the beans are tender.
Season to Taste: Season the soup with salt and pepper to taste. Adjust the spices if needed.
Blend (Optional): For a creamier texture, use an immersion blender to partially blend the soup. Alternatively, transfer a portion to a blender and blend before returning it to the pot.
Serve: Ladle the black bean soup into bowls. Garnish with fresh cilantro and serve with lime wedges on the side.